Cavity
Ghon's Focus: This is the primary lesion of TB, usually found in the upper lobes of the lungs. It appears as a small, often calcified, parenchymal lesion.
Ghon Complex: When a Ghon's focus is associated with lymphadenopathy in the hilar or mediastinal region, it's termed a Ghon complex. This complex often indicates active or healed primary TB.
Fibrosis and Scarring: As TB progresses, areas of fibrosis and scarring may develop in the lungs, leading to parenchymal changes and distortion of normal lung architecture.
Cavitation: Cavities or cavitation within lung lesions are common in TB, particularly in the upper lobes. Cavities result from necrosis within granulomas and are indicative of more advanced disease.
Tree-in-Bud Appearance: This is seen in the smaller airways and represents bronchiolar obstruction due to endobronchial spread of TB infection. It appears as multiple, small nodular opacities along the bronchovascular bundles.
Pleural Effusion: TB can lead to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in pleural effusion. This may appear as blunting of the costophrenic angles or as a homogenous opacity on X-ray.
Miliary TB: This is a disseminated form of TB characterized by widespread involvement of the lungs with tiny, millet-seed-sized nodules. This pattern resembles millet seeds scattered throughout the lung fields.
Atelectasis: Collapse of lung segments or lobes can occur due to bronchial obstruction by TB lesions or associated lymphadenopathy.
Content 2
Content 3